Belajar Bahasa Inggris Tentang Frasa Partisipial

Belajar Bahasa Inggris Tentang Frasa Partisipial

You can use participial phrases to improve your writing style. When your essays contain too many relative clauses, change some of them to participial phrases. Occasionally using participial phrases at the beginning of sentences is considered especially mature style. 

EDITING PRACTICE

Participles and Participial Phrases

A. Edit the following short autobiography for errors in participles and participial phrases. You should make 5 changes. Look for theses kinds of errors:

A Short Autobiography

Born on November 12, 1980, in a medium-sized town in the mountains of Peru, I learned responsibility at an early age. My family, consisted of my father, my mother, and seven younger brothers and sisters, is quite large. Being the oldest daughter, my responsibility were many. I helped my mother at home with the cooking and cleaning, and I was almost like a second mother to my younger siblings. By the time I was ten years old, I had learned how to soothe a crying baby, how to bandage an injuring knee or elbow, and especially how to get a boring schoolchild to finish his or her homework. Having been helped my brothers and sisters with their homework for so many years, I have developed a love of teaching. I hope to get a college degree in elementary education and teach either math or science in my hometown in Peru.

Answer model

Line 2: "consisted of" should be "consisting of"

Line 2: "Being the oldest daughter" should be "Having been ..."

Line 5: "injuring knee" should be "injured knee"

Line 5: "boring schoolchild" should be "bored schoolchild"

Line 5: "Having been helped" should be "Having helped"

EDITING PRACTICE

Using Participial Phrases to improve Your Writing

B. Improve the following short essay by changing some of the adjective and adverbial clauses to participial phrases. There are nine places where such changes can be made.

Global Warming

One of the biggest problems that faces humankind in the next few decades is the problem of global warming. In the past 150 years, global temperatures have risen approximately 1 degree C (1.8 degree F). The year 1998 was the warmest year that was ever recorded. If temperatures continue to rise, polar ice will melt, which will cause the water level of the oceans to rise. Rising ocean levels, in turn, will cause flooding along the coasts. Global warming will also cause major changes in climate that will affect agriculture. For example, crops that were previously grown in Guatemala may not do so well because it will become too hot.

Because they believe that the increase in carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere is the primary cause of global warming, scientists have urged immediate action to decrease CO2 levels. They have asked the world governments to write an agreement that will control the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. After each government signs such an agreement, each government will have to enforce it. Brazilians, for example, will have to stop burning their rain forests, and Americans will have to stop driving their gas-guzzling SUVs.

Answer model

Line 1: "that faces" should be "facing"

Line 3: "that was ever recorded" should be "ever recorded"

Line 3: "which will cause" should be "causing"

Line 5: "that will affect" should be "affecting"

Line 5: "that were previously grown" should be "previously grown"

Line 7: "Because they believe" should be "believing"

Line 9: "that will control" should be "controlling"

Line 9: "that is released" should be "released"

Line 9: "After each government signs" should be "After signing"

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SUVs: sport utility vehicles, a popular type of automobile that uses a lot of gas