Belajar Bahasa Inggris Subordinating Conjunction

Subordinating Conjunction and Relative Pronoun

Adverb Clause
A subordinating conjunction word is the first word in a dependent clause. Common subordinating words include the following.

  Subordinating Conjunctions for Adverb Clauses

Place (Where?)
where wherever anywhere everywhere	I like to shop where prices are low. I try to shop wherever there is a sale. You can find bargains anywhere you shop. I use my credit card everywhere I shop.
Manner (How)
as as if as though	I love to get flowers as most women do. You look as if you don’t sleep at all last night. She acts as though she doesn’t know us.
Distance (How far? How near? How close?)
as + adverb + as	We will hike as far as we can before it turns dark. The child sat as close as she could to her mother. The child sat as close to her mother as she could.
Frequency (How often?)
as often as	I call my parents as often as I can.
Reason (Why?)
as inasmuch as because since	I can’t take evening classes as I work at night. Inasmuch as no offer has been made to pay for the damage, our company will have to take this case to court. I can’t take evening classes because I work at night. I can’t take evening classes since I work at night.
Purpose (For what purpose?)
so that in order that	Many people emigrate so that their children can have a better life.  Many people emigrate in order that their children can have a better life.
Result (With what result?)
so + adjective + that so + adverb + that such a(n) + noun +that so much/many/little/few + noun + that	I was so tired last night that I fell asleep at dinner. She talks so softly that the other students cannot hear her. It was such an easy test that most of the students got A’s. He is taking so many classes that he has no time to sleep.
Condition (Under what condition?)
if unless	We will not go hiking if it rains. We will not go hiking unless the weather is perfect.
Partial contrast
although even though though	I love my brother although we disagree about almost everything. I love my brother even though we disagree about almost everything. I love my brother though we disagree about almost everything.
Contrast (Direct opposites)
While whereas	My brother likes classical music, while I prefer hard rock. He dresses conservatively, whereas I like to be a little shocking.
Time (When?)
when	Your heart rate increases when you exercise.
while	Some people like to listen to music while they are studying.
as	One train was arriving as another was departing.
since	We haven’t seen Professor Hill since she returned from her trip.
until	Don’t put off going to the dentist until you have a problem.
once	Once the dean arrives, the meeting can begin.
before	Before he left the country, Richard bought some traveler’s checks.
after	Emily will give a short speech after she receives the award.
as long as	My parents don’t care what I work at as long as I’m happy.
as soon as	I’ll call you as soon as I get home from work.
by the time	By the time we arrived, the other guests were already there.
whenever	Whenever I smiled, he smiled back.

  Adjective Clause

  Subordinating Words for Adjective Clauses

To refer to people
Who, whom, whose, that (informal)	People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. My parents did not approve of the man whom my sister married. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
To refer to animals and things
which that	My new computer, which I bought yesterday, stopped working today. Yesterday I received an e-mail that I did not understand.
To refer to a time or a place
When where	Thanksgiving is a time when families travel great distances to be together. An orphanage is a place where orphans live.